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Glimpses of Indian Space Program

Source: https://www.isro.gov.in/glimpses-of-indian-space-program

Note - Below writeup may not be winning writing. You can write much better essays than below sample. These are just guidelines for your preparation. You can read more information and include in your essay.

Sample Essay on Indian Space Programme

The Indian space programme has started way back in 1962 by Department of Atomic Energy. A committee Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was for formed under under the chairmanship of Dr Vikram Sarabhai. The space programme was formalised with the constitution of the Space Commission and the Department of Space (DOS) in 1972 to formulate and implement space policies in the country. Following key organisations started by Space Commission and DOS.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Bangalore
National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA)
Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad
National Mesosphere- Stratosphere-Troposphere Radar Facility (NMRF),
North Eastern-Space Applications Centre (NE-SAC)

The Secretariat of DOS and the Headquarters of ISRO are located at Antariksh Bhavan in Bangalore. Objectives of space programme are:

To carry out research and development in satellite and launch vehicle technology with a goal to achieve self-reliance
To provide national space infrastructure for telecommunication and broadcasting needs of the country
Satellite services required for weather forecasting, monitoring, etc.
Satellite imagery required for the natural resources survey and security needs of the country
Satellite imagery and specific products and services required for the application of space science and technology for developmental purposes to the Central government, state governments, quasi governmental organisations, NGOs and the private sectors
To undertake proof of concept demonstration of space applications, and promotes research and development in space sciences and development of applications programme

While implementing the above objectives, DOS is to provide required satellite transponders and facilities to meet the communication, television broadcasting and security requirement of our country; adequate earth observation capability in multiple spectral, spatial and temporal resolutions; launch services to meet national requirements and commercial needs; and its products and services in a prompt and efficient manner to all the users/clients.

Programmes:

The Department of Space has the primary responsibility of promoting development of space science, technology and applications towards achieving self-reliance and assisting in all round development of the nation. With this end in view, the Department of Space has evolved the following programmes:

Indian National Satellite (INSAT) programme for telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, developmental education, etc.
Remote sensing programme for application of satellite imagery for various developmental purposes.
Indigenous capability for design and development of spacecraft and associated technologies for communications, resource survey and space sciences.
Design and development of launch vehicles with indigenous technology for access to space and orbiting INSAT, IRS spacecraft and space science missions.
Research and development in space sciences and technologies as well as application programme for national development.

Applications of Space Programme

Communication and Meteorological Systems:

The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system is a multi-agency, multipurpose operational satellite system for domestic telecommunications, meteorological observations and data relay, nationwide direct satellite television broadcasting and nationwide radio and television programme distribution. INSAT system is the largest domestic communication satellite system in the Asia-Pacific region. It had eleven satellites in operation-INSAT- 2E,INSAT-3A,INSAT-3B,INSAT-3C,INSAT-3E, KALPANA-1, GSAT-2, EDUSAT (GSAT-3), INSAT- 4A, INSAT-4B and INSAT-4CR. The overall coordination and management of INSAT system rests with INSAT Coordination Committee.

Earth Observation System:

The Indian Earth Observations (EO) System, well- known for its application-driven approach, is carried out under the unique institutional framework of the National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS) under the aegis of the Planning Commission. With a host of payloads in the thematic series of Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) Satellites and INSAT systems, the Indian EO system has been providing operational services to the user community in the country. Nine high-power Standing Committees constituted under NNRMS address specific issues pertaining to applications of remote sensing in different thematic areas. They are: (i) Agriculture and Soils, (ii) Bio-Resources, (iii) Geology and Mineral Resources, (iv) Water Resources, (v) Ocean and Meteorology, (vi) Cartography and Mapping, (vii) Urban Management, (viii) Rural Development, and (ix) Training and Technology. The Indian Remote Sensing satellite system is one of the largest constellations of remote sensing satellites in operation in the world today.

Space Applications:

Indian space programme is recognised for its leading role in utilising the space systems for a variety of applications. The two main space systems, INSAT and the Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites, continue to be used for a number of applications relevant to national development. EDUSAT, launched by Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-F01) in September 2004, is India’s first thematic satellite dedicated exclusively for educational services. The satellite is specially configured to relay through audiovisual medium, employing multi-media multi-centric system, to create interactive classrooms.

Another special network in Ext C-band connecting 50 engineering institutes across the country has been established to impart teaching by_ distinguished professors/faculty from top 21 universities in USA who would visit India to conduct eight-week courses in various subjects in engineering.

Telemedicine:

Telemedicine is one of the unique applications of Space Technology for societal benefit. DOS Telemedicine programme, which started in 2001 has been connecting remote/rural/medical college hospitals and Mobile Units through INSAT and EDUSAT to major speciality hospitals in cities and towns.

Television and Radio:

INSAT has been a major catalyst for the expansion of television coverage in Induj. Satellite television now covers over 65 per cent of the Indian land mass and over 90 per cent of the population. At present, DTH service is operational through INSAT-4 series. TATA-SKY operates DTH service through INSAT-4A at 83 degree East with total number of 148 video channels. Doordarshan (DD-DIRECT) operates DTH service through INSAT-4B at 93.5 degree East with total number of 40 channels which are free to air. Satellite News Gathering using INSAT system enables on the spot real-time news coverage. Prasar Bharati has twelve Digital Outdoor-Broadcast DSNG terminals operating through INSAT network in C-band to cover important events in different locations for transmission to a central station at Delhi or to state capitals for rebroadcast over DD channels. Radio Networking (RN) through INSAT provides a reliable high-fidelity programme channels for national as well as regional networking.

Mobile Communication:

A S-band Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) was added to INSAT system with the launch of INSAT- 3C in 2002 and GSAT-2 in 2003.

Some Additional References

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